Wednesday, June 10, 2009

Review: The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay by Michael Chabon


At well over 600 pages, Michael Chabon's Pulitzer Prize-winning tome, The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay, makes for a daunting sight. The read, however, is both effortless and captivating. Chabon reveals himself as a literary virtuoso, and writes prose with Orphean lyricism. A sample: "Presently he felt himself slipping toward sleep, pouring into it like sand racing toward the neck of an hourglass." Although some have rebuked him for his baroque sentences and inflated diction, I think that these stylistic choices are brilliantly executed, and are a delight to read. That said, you will most certainly be interrupted when Chabon repeatedly sends you rifling through your bookcases in search of a dictionary!

Set in New York, with brief excursions to occupied Czechoslovakia and Antarctica, the book spans several decades, starting on the eve of the Second World War. But this is not a book about war, which, for the most part, is regarded at a distance, and through an intensely personal lens.

The central theme is escapism; indeed your mind would have to escape its cranial casing in order to identify all instanes of thematic resonance at the levels of word choice, imagery, plot, and structure (because of their ubiquity, not subtlety). The novel itself, I think, can be seen as an escape of sorts: an unshackling of graphic novels from the lower rungs of the hierarchy of artistic virtue. Chabon's central characters are comic book men - a writer and illustrator duo - who labor tirelessly to improve the image of their widely scorned medium. By adopting 'the pulps' as a major plot feature and writing passage after passage that burst with vivid imagery, Chabon recasts the comic book in words. The product is a briskly paced and acutely plot-driven work of high artistry, studded with the occasional footnote (apocryphal, I presume) - moorings that tether his airy fantasy with the more weighty actual.

Friday, February 13, 2009

Human happiness: evolving now!



Yesterday was the 200th anniversary of Charles Darwin's birth, and the mainstream media was filled with the obligatory slew of evolutionary pieces. Read one article claiming that religious people tend to have more children than 'free-thinking' folk, and so (since most people stick with the religion they're born into) in a hundred years religious zealots will make up an overwhelming majority of the global population. Good luck future generations!

This got me thinking about what  selective pressures may currently be at work on humans.  In the developed world, modern man lives free of want and can successfuly combat infectious disease.  In short, we are guaranteed survival - at least till reproductive age, which is all that matters for evolutionary purposes. The welfare state, as Richard Dawkins pointed out, is not a Darwinian arena. So is anything being selected for? What traits would proliferate in such an environment? 

How about genes that modulate one's temperament [Such genes do exist; check out this article on a variant associated with optimism:  http://www.economist.com/science/displaystory.cfm?story_id=13176767] An increasingly unchallenging lifestyle has given us so much idle time that perhaps even a slightly morose disposition can sink a mind into a deep depression. In their despair, these people may not live long enough to reproduce, or they may decide against bringing another life into such a miserable world. Perhaps, then, variation that promotes a sense of joie de vivre might proliferate in the human population. Positive selection for genes that encode happiness! 

Now, one could argue that variants that make humans suicidal would be eliminated regardless of the environment, and such selection would have been happening since the origin of our species. That may be true; all I'm saying is that our modern lifestyle may amplify the effects of depression. Someone struggling to survive while living a hunter-gatherer existence does not have the time to ponder, get disillusioned and depressed; whereas in Bruges, time is by no means in short supply! 

An important caveat is that I've neglected the impact of antidepressant drugs, which would counter negative selection against depression. Although, if the drugs really are effective, our species will find happiness one way or another - via natural selection or human intervention!